Galactomannanis an immunodominant polysaccharide component of the cell walls ofAspergillusandPenicilliumspecies (Beauvaiset al., 2007; Fontaineet al., 2000; Latgéet al., 1994) and was the first antigen to be identified in animal models and in patients with IA. Galactomannan is the only polysaccharide antigen characterized inA. fumigatus(Latgé, 1999) that,in vitro, can be released as pure polysaccharide of approximately 20kDa (Latgéet al., 1994). The immunodominant epitope in the GM molecule is galactofuran and numerous intracellular and extracellular antigens with molecular masses >40kDa comprise this epitope (Latgéet al., 1994; Morelleet al., 2005) including a lipopeptidogalactomannan of more than 100kDa.Immunoreactivityof GM was tested inELISAandimmunodiffusionassays using sera from aspergilloma patients (Latgéet al., 1994) and incounterimmunoelectrophoresisusing sera from IA patients (Reiss and Harris, 1979). Antigenemia was detected in both groups of patients with GM as the detector antigen. In the case of the aspergilloma study that comprised a substantially larger cohort of patients, all sera were positive in the immunodiffusion assay. However, significantly fewer were immunoreactive in ELISA, showing that GM was not suitable for detection of all aspergilloma patients using this technique. The variability in response using different immunological assays highlights the problems inherent with antigenemia tests using patient's sera despite the incorporation of purified GM in different assay formats.