Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurringanthocyaninsused to color food (E163), has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory. The effect of PSPC on the spatiallearning and memoryof mice treated withd-galactose (d-gal) was evaluated by the Morriswater maze;d-gal-treated mice had decreased performance compared with mice in the vehicle and PSPC groups, while the PSPC+d-gal group showed significantly shortened escape latency to platform, increased swimming speed, more target quadrant search time and more platform crossings as compared with thed-gal group. Brain functions, such as memory formation and recovery of function after injury, depend on proper regulation of the expression levels of the pre- and post-synaptic proteins. We investigated the expression of four pre-synaptic proteins (growth-associated protein-43, synapsin-I,synaptophysin, and synaptotagmin) and two post-synaptic proteins (post-synaptic density protein-95 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in thehippocampusandcerebral cortex, respectively, in response to different treatments.Western blottinganalysis showed that there were significant decreases in the expression of these representative synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex ofd-gal-treated mice. Interestingly, these decreased expression levels of synaptic proteins could be reversed by PSPC. The levels of expression of these representative synaptic proteins in mice treated with PSPC alone were not significantly different from those in untreated mice. The results of this study suggested that memory impairment and synaptic protein loss ind-gal-treated mice may be improved by treatment with PSPC.