Betaine (Betaine) was first discovered in Europe, since the 19th century, beets like sugar cane was originally used to extract sugar, it is mainly found in beet sugar molasses, so the name, but its effect until the 1970s gradually recognized. Betaine is an intermediate product of animal metabolism and plays a very important role in the metabolism of nutrients. As a secondary product of metabolism, it is a very important osmoregulatory substance for plants to enhance their stress resistance, such as salt and alkali resistance, drought tolerance are very important. There is an ingredient found in beets that can play a good cleaning role, and does not harm the skin, it is very safe, named betaine, and it is safe and effective for cleaning skin care products in modern times. [2]
Pharmacological action
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1. Anti-fatty liver: long-term (75 days) oral administration of rats can increase the level of phospholipids in blood and liver; Taking this product in advance or at the same time can counteract and increase the contents of phospholipid and total cholesterol in rat liver caused by BSP, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase and other tests have been revised. The effect of wolfberry on lipid metabolism or anti-fatty liver is mainly due to the presence of betaine, which acts as a methyl supplier in the body.
2. Antihypertensive: It has a mild antihypertensive effect on anesthetized animals, but it is not effective for hypertension.
3. Anti-tumor: Combined with D-isoascorbic acid, it can inhibit the mitosis of sarcoma 37, Ehrmann's cancer and lymphoid leukemia L1210(LE) in vitro, and the effect is stronger than that of drug alone.
4. Others: Its chloride aluminum salt has anti-ulcer effect and treatment of gastritis, promote wound healing. There are antiperspirant and deodorizing effects.
Component source
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Betaine can be extracted from the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of natural plants or synthesized by using and chloroacetic acid as raw materials.
Betaine derivatives
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Alkyl betaine
Alkyl betaine is obtained by quaternization of aliphatic tertiary amines, i.e. the reaction of n-alkyl -N,Nwith in an aqueous solution. The general formula is RC4H8NO2, where R is an alkyl group with a carbon number of 12 to 18, such as dodecyl dimethyl betaine, tetracyldimethyl betaine, octadecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, octadecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine. Alkyl betaine can be compatible with various types of dyes, surfactants and cosmetic raw materials, stable to not to be heated above 100ºC for a long time, under acidic and alkaline conditions have excellent stability, good compatibility. Low irritation to the skin, good biodegradability, with excellent decontamination sterilization, softness, antistatic, hard water resistance and rust resistance.
This kind of product has excellent foaming ability, can make hair soft, suitable for preparation of shampoo, foam bath, sensitive skin preparation, children's detergent and so on. Because of its good water resistance, it is used to prepare hard water detergent. It can also be used as a fungicide to kill a variety of bacteria including tuberculosis, used as fiber, fabric softener and antistatic agent, calcium soap dispersant, sterilization detergent and rubber industry gel emulsifier, rabbit wool fluting agent, fire extinguishing foam agent, etc., is also a synergist of pesticide glyphosate. Also used in the production of dyeing AIDS, rust prevention agents, metal surface processing AIDS.
Alkylamide betaine
Alkylamide betaine, the general formula is RCONH(CH2)nC4H8NO2, where R is the carbon number of 12~18, n=2,3, such as lauramidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, octadecamidopropyl betaine. Its performance is significantly improved than alkyl betaine: excellent solubility and compatibility, excellent foaming and significant thickening, with low irritability and bactericidal, compatible use can significantly improve the softness, conditioning and low temperature stability of washing products, with good hard water resistance, antistatic and biodegradability.
Sulfopropyl betaine
Sulfobetaine is a quaternary ammonium amphoteric surfactant with quaternary ammonium cation and sulfonic acid anion, RC5H12NSO3, where R is an alkyl group with carbon atom number 12~18, such as dodecyl sulfopropyl betaine, tetracylsulfopropyl betaine, cetyl sulfopropyl betaine, octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine. This kind of product shows excellent surface properties, excellent water resistance, good dispersion of calcium soap, low irritation, and has obvious synergistic effect with other surfactants. For hard surfaces and textiles, it has high cleaning performance, and has good chemical stability in strong acid and alkali solutions. When the sulfobetaine amphoteric surfactants are combined with other surfactants in a wide PH range, they also show excellent foaming properties and thickening effects.
Hydroxysulfopropyl betaine
Hydroxysulfopropyl betaine has both anion and cationic groups of hydroxyl in its structure, the general formula is RC5H12NSO4, and R is an alkyl group with carbon atom number 12~18. It not only has all the advantages of amphoteric surfactants, but also has high concentration of acid and alkali salt resistance, good emulsification, dispersion and antistatic property, as well as sterilization, mildew inhibition and viscoelasticity, which is a vicious cycle excellent surfactant. It can be widely used in many fields such as daily chemical industry, oil field displacement, fracturing and acidification.
Phosphobetaine
Phosphobetaine is composed of two parts, one is a cationic part containing nitrogen, which is composed of long chain derivatives of amine and quaternary ammonium; The other part is the anionic part, which is composed of phosphate salt, the general formula is RC5H13NPO5, and the R in the molecular formula is the alkyl group with the carbon atom number 12 to 18, such as dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, tetravyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine. This structure determines that it not only has excellent wetting, washing, solubilization, emulsification and dispersibility, antistatic and thermal stability of amphoteric surfactants, but also good compatibility, low irritability, alkaline resistance, electrolyte resistance and antistatic properties superior to general anionic surfactants, but also has strong calcium soap dispersibility and low surface tension. Excellent foaming properties.
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