Papainis the English translation of 'papaïne', the name given by Wurtz & Bouchut[1]to a proteolytically active constituent in the latex of the tropical papaya fruit(Carica papaya). The crude dried latex contains a mixture of at least four cysteine proteinases and otherenzymes[2]and initial preparations of 'papain' were contaminated by other enzymes. Improvements inpurificationprocedures introduced by Kimmel & Smith[3]have allowed the isolation of purepapain. It must be noted that the term 'papain' is also applied to the commercial crude dried latex used in industry. Early work on papain, which is summarized in a number of reviews[2,4-6], is responsible for major advances not only in the field of cysteine proteinases but also inenzymologygenerally. Papain is probably the most widely studied member of the cysteine proteinase class of enzymes, and was the first cysteine proteinase to have its three-dimensional structure determined[7]. Consequently, thisenzymehas been considered to be the archetype of cysteine proteinases and accordingly, family C1 is referred to as the papain family of cysteine proteinases. Papainis the English translation of 'papaïne', the name given by Wurtz & Bouchut[1]to a proteolytically active constituent in the latex of the tropical papaya fruit(Carica papaya). The crude dried latex contains a mixture of at least four cysteine proteinases and otherenzymes[2]and initial preparations of 'papain' were contaminated by other enzymes. Improvements inpurificationprocedures introduced by Kimmel & Smith[3]have allowed the isolation of purepapain. It must be noted that the term 'papain' is also applied to the commercial crude dried latex used in industry. Early work on papain, which is summarized in a number of reviews[2,4-6], is responsible for major advances not only in the field of cysteine proteinases but also inenzymologygenerally. Papain is probably the most widely studied member of the cysteine proteinase class of enzymes, and was the first cysteine proteinase to have its three-dimensional structure determined[7]. Consequently, thisenzymehas been considered to be the archetype of cysteine proteinases and accordingly, family C1 is referred to as the papain family of cysteine proteinases.